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keihatsu

Tempe currently, Arizona, UNITED STATES


Joined September 13th 2010

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http://keihatsu.blogspot.com http://promiselanguage.blogspot.com

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Capillary action at the molecular level

November 8th 2010 05:20
Water is composed of 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom. The Hydrogen atoms are positioned together on one side of the Oxygen atom and have a positive charge on each. The Oxygen has a negative charge. This is polarity. Glass is Silicon surrounded by Hydrogen atoms. Each Hydrogen has a positive charge. So, in a glass capillary tube, the Oxygen in water is attracted to the Hydrogen in the glass. This is electrostatic attraction or adhesion. The force of gravity pushes down on the body of water and inside the tube, the adhesion (electrostatic attraction) reduces the effect of gravity so water rises in the tube.

If you were to bend the top of the capillary tube over, gravity would attempt to pull water back into the pool of water. However, the mass of water is too small and adhesion of water to the tube is stronger than gravity.

Now. What if you were to arrange 20-30 capillary tubes together so the meniscus' touch at the end of each tube? Hydrogen bonding is stronger than electrostatic attraction (adhesion), so when water in each tube touches, water re-coheres and forms a droplet large enough that gravity can overcome the adhesion to the tubes.

This is due to the intermolecular force differential. Hydrogen bonding > electrostatic charge. And then gravity acting on mass.

The interplay of these 3 forces (properly engineered) results in nearly perpetual motion.
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Intermolecular force differential

October 21st 2010 21:30
The title is a scientific jargon phrase that can be explained much more easily and simply:

In real life, a coconut tree provides an example. Capillary action pulls water up into the roots. Transpiration pulls that water up the trunk due to evaporation from the leaves creating suction. Water re-coelesces inside the coconut due to small capillaries combining and allowing the water to re-cohere (hydrogen bonding). In effect, this means water can be engineered to go uphill.

The above is a small source of energy. A result of water's polarity and the fact that the electrostatic charge of water to the capillary tube is weaker than hydrogen bonding.

Can this be scaled up to provide enough energy to provide electricity for a home? Yes.

You might see the first post on this blog "Are the Laws of Thermodynamics Overstated?"
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Laws of Thermodynamics Overstated?

October 21st 2010 21:22
This blog discusses another possible form of energy that is unrelated to heat or temperature and the Laws of Thermodynamics are inapplicable.

The Laws of Thermodynamics were developed in the 1800s while engineering steam engines. Thermodynamics (aka Heat Dynamics) is the study of transferring heat into useful work.

Entropy is mathematically q/T or heat divided by Temperature. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is entropy and applies to heat engines only.

Is all of energy heat-related? No, of course not. Translational positioning is one example of non-heat related energy.

Unfortunately, Thermodynamics is studied and taught as applicable to all sources of energy.

Is the universe in motion? Yes.
Is it perpetual? Perhaps.

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Comment by keihatsu
on Why do our written numbers look like they do?

September 13th 2010 22:54


keihatsu-energy
Good to see some intelligence.

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