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In reference to the myriad of incredible things that are waiting to be known, the late American astronomer, writer and scientist, Dr. Carl Sagan once wrote ...

"The surface of the Earth is the shore of the cosmic ocean. From it we have learned most of what we know. Recently, we have waded a little out to sea, enough to dampen our toes or, at most, wet our ankles. The water seems inviting. The ocean calls so!"


This quote alludes to the wondrous possibilities that rest at our finger tips. Throughout history the pool of knowledge that we all share has evolved through a combination of chance discovery, exploration of possibilities, and opportunism driven by the wonderment and awe of what is to be known about the world in which we are immersed. This is the way that it has been for the countless generations that have preceded us, and will be for those that follow.

In the great scheme of things it doesn’t matter whether you make the finding yourself or are the last person on Earth to see the light; in taking the first steps toward finding those incredible things that are just waiting to be known there are two things required of us. The first is an attitude that involves opening our minds to possibility, and being opportunistic enough to seize a chance presented. Being open to possibilities and opportunities prepares our mind to think flexibly and thus be more alert to, and receptive of, those incredible things to be learned.

The second requires the application of perceptive thought processes – the ability to look at things another way through the ability to change perspectives, generate alternatives, explore possibilities and consider options. For the most part we tend to do this by hypothesising (creating tentative theories) about as yet unverified ideas, concepts or knowledge concerning the world around us. If, through the various processes of testing, our hypothesising proves to be true, we reconfigure those ideas and concepts already held. However, in this regard we tend to be limited by the inflexibility of traditional thinking processes that tie us to a ‘this’ or ‘that’ scenario.

‘Rock’ or ‘Water’ Thinking
Edward de Bono , who has built a reputation on providing thinking tools that are very simple to use and yet powerful in their effect, contends that traditional modes of thinking are static and unproductive, as they are based on the solid and inflexible foundations of 'is' and identity. In contrast to the traditional 'rock’ thinking, he proposes the notion of 'water’ or perceptive thinking which is based on 'to' and the flow of the mind (ie. 'What does this lead to?' as opposed to 'What is...?')

De Bono argues that in traditional (rock) thinking we tend to make judgements based upon right/wrong. Whereas when we are in a perceptive (water) thinking mode our judgements are made around the concepts of 'fit' and 'flow'. Where we apply the concept of 'fit' by asking questions like: 'Does this fit the circumstances and conditions?' Then, after acknowledging the possibility of fit we then move on to the notion of ‘flow’ and questions such as: 'Is the terrain suitable for flow to take place in this direction?’ Hence, fit covers the static situation, flow covers the dynamic situation.

For instance, in a conflict situation both sides will argue that they are right I which they can invariably argue logically. Traditional (rock) thinking would seek to discover which party was really 'right'. On the other hand, water logic would acknowledge that both parties were right but that each conclusion was based on a particular aspect of the situation, particular circumstances, and a particular point of view.

The point is that water logic is highly dependent on defined circumstances or conditions, whereas the very essence of traditional rock logic is that it is circumstance-independent. However, we tend to be so immersed in a rock-like thinking mode that water thinking often seems so pragmatic that 'anything goes' and there is no way of making judgements, or getting a decision. As a consequence, it is likely that many of those incredible things that are waiting to be known will pass us by unnoticed.

There is wonderment and awe to be found just about everywhere!


Helping children to recognise those incredible things that are waiting to be known.
Children have the most amazing imaginations, they view the world with wonderment and awe, are open to possibilities, and are unwavering opportunists. We see this in their play and curiosity about life and the world in which they live. There are a couple of simple little things as parents, mentors or teachers that we can do to assist our children to explore possibilities well beyond their imaginative play years. These include:

encouraging them to continue to view their world with wonderment and awe.

encouraging them to remain open to new ideas.

redirecting their thoughts when they start falling into the trap of traditional ‘rock’ thinking.


This may be done by asking simple questions such as:

Where does this [idea or thought] lead to?

Does this fit the circumstances and conditions [of the situations]?


However, it is not always easy to change perspectives, generate alternatives, consider other options or come up with the right sort of probing questions. It takes time and patience, and a good deal of effective role modelling on our behalf as parents. But as Alexander Graham Bell, once said ...

"The most successful men in the end are those whose success is the result of steady accretion. It is the man who carefully advances step by step, with his mind becoming wider and wider - and progressively better able to grasp any theme or situation."
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Seven Bridges

June 28th 2009 10:06
As parents we often forget that the basic road map of the journey of growth and development that our children are following is pretty much the same as the journey we ourselves have followed from birth to adulthood. Sure we are living in a very different world to that in which we grew up but while the social influences of the day may vary the bridges that we build to span our developmental needs do not. So it seems appropriate that we should take a moment to reflect on the journey we all share.

This is a journey that has followed a common path and involved the crossing of seven bridges, yet each step of it has been as individual as each us who pace it. The passage across each bridge confronts us as travelers with our own set of unique defining moments, instilling within us a set of indelible virtues and a character stamp that progressively define who we are and how we position themselves in life’s great journey.

Each crossing has its own challenges!


The story of our journey commences at the instance of our birth. The crossing of the first, and possibly the most important, bridge in our journey began in our infancy and entailed the growth of basic trust. Fostered through the nurturing love of family,we developed a fundamental sense that people are dependable and that the world can be a safe place. This instilled within us a hope for the future and established the virtue of Faith, which would act as the foundation on which we would further explore the world around us and not only make sense of it but also determine and establish our place within it. This would become the pillar on which continued personal growth would be founded in our life-long journey of self discovery.

As toddlers we came to the second bridge. During this crossing we struggled between the desire to ‘hold on’ to that with reassured us and the need to ‘let go’ so that we could explore the world beyond our comfort zone. Through this tug-o-war between doubt and autonomy we developed the confidence needed to cope with future situations requiring choice, control, and independence. In effect we learned to do things for ourselves; learning the value of maintaining self-control and self-confidence, and so gained the virtue of Determination.

The third bridge on our journey was encountered during the preschool years. This crossing concerned the virtue of Courage, and required us to learn to use our initiative and be purposeful in our actions. We learned the value of setting goals and acting in ways to reach them by achieving a balance between the eagerness for further adventure and the need to behave responsibly.

We approached the fourth crossing as school-aged children. The challenges of this crossing were of an intellectual nature and would bring about significant changes as to how we perceived and thought about the world. Throughout this crossing we developed a sense of industry as we refined skills already possessed and continued to acquire new ones. Our perspective of the world also underwent an evolution, shifting from a reliance on the ‘concrete’ and obvious, to an increasing ability to think in abstract terms and view circumstances from different perspectives. This combination of industry and changing perspective assisted us to develop the virtue of Competence, and appreciate the value of being sensibly humble in our achievements.

These first four bridges were very much about figuring out the world. However, as we approached the fifth bridge we were faced with a new twist in our pilgrimage, for now we were confronted with the additional challenge of figuring out ourselves. If we were to use a single word to sum up the purpose of this crossing it would be ‘identity’; although for our parents ‘aaarrgh!’ might be a more apt expression of this segment of the journey. This crossing was fraught with frustrations as we attempted to ‘try on’ different identities as we sort an answer to the question “Who am I?”, and tussled with integrating many roles (child, sibling, friend, student, academic, athlete, worker …) into our own unique self-image. However, by the end of this crossing we had grown in the virtue of Fidelity, developing an appreciation for the ability to sustain loyalties in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems, and learned that we can be friends with very different people.

As young adults some of us completed the crossing of the sixth bridge, while others neared its exit. In undertaking this crossing we gained a deeper appreciation of the virtue of Love. We learned to establish and maintain a personal commitment to others (parents, siblings, friends …); the sort of commitment that makes possible a intimate, genuine and enduring friendship.

It is at this point as parents that we look at our children and to their future, and guide their development with understanding as we embark on our next leg of the lifelong journey - the search for the seventh bridge, that of Wisdom. We do so in the knowledge that it is a shared journey requiring integrity, wisdom, compassion and faith as we all go on to achieve great things.
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