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Abilities for Disabilities - by Madeline Schwartz

 

Abilities for Disabilities - September 2007

A Special Needs

Like the old and the young, the disabled are generally thought of as inherently deserving of public assistance. Those who are blind, deaf or crippled, unlike those who are the parents of illegitimate children or addicted to alcohol or other drugs, are not despised for bringing their problems on themselves, even in Red States. Reasonably thoughtful people take a “there but the grace of God go I” attitude toward the needs and conditions of those suffering a disability. Most people, if forced to think about it, are willing to pay taxes to assist those with the added burden of caring for a disabled spouse, child, or parent. In 1998 4.3 percent of all public spending was on services and benefits specifically for those with special needs – for the disabled. Most of these have eligibility restricted based on means, as well as needs. A disabled individual with enough income to provide for their own care would not be eligible; a disabled individual living with a spouse or parents who are not poor also may not be ineligible. There are few single disabled adults who are not reliant on public benefits, however, because those born with severe congenital disabilities such as mental retardation, mental illness, blindness or deafness are unlikely to earn much money during the course of their lives, and are likely to require extensive assistance, particularly health care. But deciding who is in need is not always straightforward, and this leads to below the radar conflict and non-decisions.


In reality, public spending on those with special needs accounts for more than the 4.3 percent that is readily identified. Virtually every general public service, from education to transportation, has special facilities or programs for the disabled, at additional cost. For example, in 2000 it cost the New York City Transit Authority $1.25 in operating expenses to provide a subway ride, and $1.61 to provide a bus ride. It cost $27.24 to provide a demand-response ride for the disabled. It cost the New York City Board of Education $8,944 to educate each general education student, compared with $18,400 for each special education student and $42,600 for each severely disabled special education student. Services and benefits with eligibility based on disability, like services and benefits with eligibility based on age, are scattered across virtually the entire range of government activity


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